MGF is generated through alternative splicing of the IGF‑1 gene in response to mechanical loading or tissue injury[1][2]. The resulting peptide contains a unique C‑terminal E domain that distinguishes it from systemic IGF‑1. Preclinical research demonstrates MGF activates satellite cells (muscle stem cells), promotes osteoblast proliferation, and supports neurogenesis[3][4][8]. These effects appear to be localized and transient, suggesting MGF acts primarily as a tissue‑specific repair signal rather than a systemic growth factor.