PRODUCT

LL-37 (5 mg Vial)

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Quickstart Highlights

LL-37 (also known as CAP-18) is a 37-amino-acid cationic antimicrobial peptide derived from the C-terminal of human cathelicidin (hCAP18)[1]. It is the only known human cathelicidin, exhibiting broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and immune-modulating properties[2][3]. This educational protocol presents a once-daily subcutaneous approach using a practical dilution for clear insulin-syringe measurements.

Reconstitute: Add 3.0 mL bacteriostatic water → ~1.67 mg/mL concentration.
Typical daily range: 100–400 µg once daily (gradual titration).
Easy measuring: At 1.67 mg/mL, 1 unit = 0.01 mL ≈ 16.7 µg on a U-100 insulin syringe.
Storage: Lyophilized: freeze at −20 °C (−4 °F); after reconstitution, refrigerate at 2–8 °C (35.6–46.4 °F) for up to 4 weeks; avoid freeze–thaw cycles.

Research Indications

Woundhealing

effective

Chronic Venous Leg Ulcers
Clinical trials show 68% ulcer area reduction with 0.5 mg/mL concentration
Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Enhanced granulation tissue formation and healing rate in clinical studies
Pressure Ulcers
Chitosan hydrogel delivery systems demonstrate accelerated healing in animal models

Immunity

moderate

Local Antimicrobial Protection
Broad-spectrum activity against wound pathogens including antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Biofilm Disruption
Effective against established bacterial biofilms in chronic wounds
Infection Prevention
Reduces bacterial colonization and prevents wound infection progression

Skinhealth

effective

Epithelial Cell Proliferation
Stimulates keratinocyte migration and proliferation for faster wound closure
Angiogenesis Promotion
Enhances VEGF production and new blood vessel formation
Collagen Synthesis
Supports proper extracellular matrix formation and tissue strength

Reconstitution

Draw 3.0 mL bacteriostatic water with a sterile syringe.
Inject slowly down the vial wall; avoid foaming.
Gently swirl/roll until dissolved (do not shake).
Label and refrigerate at 2–8 °C (35.6–46.4 °F) , protected from light.
Label and refrigerate at 2–8 °C (35.6–46.4 °F), protected from light.

Interactions

BPC-157

Synergistic

Enhanced wound healing and tissue repair through complementary mechanisms - LL-37 provides antimicrobial protection while BPC-157 accelerates tissue regeneration.

TB-500

Synergistic

Combined anti-inflammatory and healing effects with LL-37 providing antimicrobial activity and TB-500 enhancing cellular migration and angiogenesis.

Conventional Antibiotics

Synergistic

LL-37 demonstrates synergistic effects with chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and oxacillin against multidrug-resistant bacteria, with FICI values 0.25-0.5.

Vitamin D3

Synergistic

Vitamin D3 acts as cofactor for VDR to induce endogenous LL-37 production, enhancing innate immune responses and antimicrobial activity.

Lactoferrin

Compatible

Both antimicrobial peptides can be used together safely with no documented negative interactions in wound healing applications.

Physiological Salt Solutions

Use Caution

High salt concentrations in physiological environments can reduce LL-37 antimicrobial activity. Consider dosing adjustments in high-salt conditions.

Amino Acid Solutions

Avoid Combination

Physical incompatibility may occur with certain amino acid solutions, particularly in IV formulations. Avoid co-administration in same solution.

Novel Synthetic AMPs

Unknown

Limited data on interactions with other synthetic antimicrobial peptides. Clinical interaction profile not established for most combinations.

Protocol Overview

Goal:Support antimicrobial defense and wound-healing processes[4][5].
Schedule:Daily subcutaneous injections for 8–12 weeks (extend to 16 weeks if desired).
Dose Range:50–400 µg daily with gradual titration.
Reconstitution:3.0 mL per 5 mg vial (~1.67 mg/mL) for accurate unit measurements.
Storage:Lyophilized frozen; reconstituted refrigerated; avoid repeated freeze–thaw.

Dosage Protocols

Start:50–100 µg daily; increase by ~50 µg each week as tolerated.
Target:200–400 µg daily by Weeks 4–8.
Frequency:Once per day (subcutaneous); optional 5-on/2-off schedule.
Cycle Length:8–12 weeks; optional extension to 16 weeks.
Timing:Any consistent time; rotate injection sites.

Dosage Protocols

Immune System Support:100 mcg dailyOnce daily
Infection Recovery Support:150-200 mcg dailyOnce daily
Research Applications:50-100 mcgTwice daily
Chronic Wound Support:100-150 mcg dailyOnce daily

Route:injectable

Storage Instructions

Lyophilized:Store at −20 °C (−4 °F) in dry, dark conditions; stable ~24 months.
Reconstituted:Refrigerate at 2–8 °C (35.6–46.4 °F) for up to 4 weeks; frozen at −20 °C (−4 °F) for up to 6 months.

Important Notes

Practical considerations for consistency and safety.

Use new sterile insulin syringes; dispose in a sharps container[8].
Rotate injection sites (abdomen, thighs, upper arms) to reduce local irritation[9].
Inject slowly; wait a few seconds before withdrawing the needle.
Document daily dose and site rotation to maintain consistency.
Early-phase doses (≤10 units) benefit from 30- or 50-unit syringes for precision.

Reconstitution

Allow LL-37 vial to reach room temperature before reconstitution
Add appropriate volume of bacteriostatic water slowly to peptide vial
Gently swirl or roll vial to dissolve - do not shake vigorously
Calculate dose based on final concentration (typically 1-2 mg/mL)
Use sterile technique for injection preparation
Inject subcutaneously in abdomen, thigh, or upper arm areas
Rotate injection sites to prevent tissue irritation

Route:injectable

How It Works

LL-37 exerts both direct and indirect antimicrobial effects. Its amphipathic, cationic α-helical structure (net +6 charge) allows it to preferentially bind and disrupt negatively charged microbial membranes[2]. Beyond direct killing, LL-37 modulates host immunity: in murine sepsis models, it induced neutrophils to release microvesicles rich in antimicrobial proteins, lowering bacterial burden and improving survival[3]. LL-37 can also bind bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and block its interaction with CD14/TLR4, reducing endotoxin-triggered TNF release and neutrophil apoptosis[2]. These combined mechanisms help explain its potential in infection control and tissue-repair contexts.

Lifestyle Factors

Optimize vitamin D status, as vitamin D upregulates endogenous cathelicidin/LL-37 expression[10].
Support wound healing with adequate protein intake and micronutrient sufficiency (zinc, vitamin C).
Maintain proper wound hygiene and dressing protocols if using for tissue-repair goals.
Prioritize sleep and stress management to support immune function and recovery.

Injection Technique

Clean the vial stopper and skin with alcohol; allow to dry.
Pinch a skinfold; insert the needle at 45–90° into subcutaneous tissue[9][12].
Do not aspirate for subcutaneous injections; inject slowly and steadily[12].
Rotate sites systematically (abdomen, thighs, upper arms) and move at least 2–3 cm from the previous site[9].
Use aseptic technique; always use a new sterile needle and syringe for each injection[8].

Benefits and Side Effects

Benefits

In chronic venous leg ulcers (which often lack endogenous LL-37), topical treatment with synthetic LL-37 significantly accelerated healing rates compared to placebo[4].
In diabetic foot ulcer trials, LL-37 cream improved granulation tissue formation and wound closure[5].
Broad-spectrum antimicrobial action helps clear infections; in experimental sepsis models, LL-37 treatment reduced bacterial loads and mortality[3].

Side Effects

Generally well tolerated; occasional mild injection-site reactions (redness, itch) may occur with subcutaneous administration.

LL-37 (5 mg Vial)

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