KPV is the C‑terminal tripeptide sequence (residues 11–13) of α‑melanocyte‑stimulating hormone (α‑MSH), retaining potent anti‑inflammatory activity without the hormone’s melanotropic effects[1][2]. Preclinical studies demonstrate KPV reduces pro‑inflammatory cytokines (TNF‑α, IL‑6, IL‑1β) and modulates immune cell activity in models of inflammatory bowel disease, colitis, and systemic inflammation[3]. The peptide’s mechanism involves inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‑κB) signaling and modulation of inflammatory mediator release[2]. Subcutaneous administration provides systemic delivery with rapid absorption and sustained anti‑inflammatory effects observed in daily dosing protocols[4].